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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation:
Basic
Life Support (BLS):
The
following Basic Life Support Sequence is based on the document
2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment
Recommendations (CoSTR), which was published in October 2010.
Basic life support refers to maintaining airway patency and
supporting breathing and the circulation. These guidelines are
due for review in 2015
Once cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has started, it is now
recommended that the rescuer should only stop CPR if the victim
shows signs of regaining consciousness, such as coughing,
opening his eyes, speaking, or moving purposefully, as well as
breathing normally.
Video Demonstration of
CPR Basics
IF YOU ARE NOT TRAINED OR ARE UNWILLING TO GIVE RESCUE BREATHS
THEN GIVE COMPRESSIONS ONLY
BLS
ALGORITHM
|
|
| UPON
DISCOVERY |
Make
sure the victim, bystanders and yourself are safe |
| UNRESPONSIVE? |
Check
victim for responsiveness
Gently shake and ask 'are you ok?'
If he responds: Do not move him (unless unsafe) and get
help if needed |
| SHOUT
FOR HELP |
If
no response: Shout for Help
Turn victim onto his back |
| OPEN
AIRWAY |
Place
hand on forehead and tilt head back gently
With fingertips under chin, lift chin to open
mouth/airway |
| NOT
BREATHING NORMALLY? |
Keeping
the airway open; look, listen & feel for no longer
than 10 seconds.
Look for chest movement
Listen for victim breathing at his mouth
Feel for air on your cheek |
CALL
EMERGENCY SERVICES
(999 OR 112) |
If he is breathing
normally:
Turn him onto his side (recovery position), summon
Professional help.
Only leave victim if there is no other way to summon
help.
If he is not
breathing normally:
Summon Professional help.
Only leave the victim if there is no other way to summon
help
Start compressions /and rescue breaths |
| 30
CHEST COMPRESSIONS |
Start
chest compressions: Kneel beside the victim
Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the victim's
chest (lower sternum)
Place the heel of other hand on top of the first
Interlock fingers (do not apply pressure to abdomen or
end of sternum)
Position yourself vertically above the victim and, with
arms straight, press down 5-6cm
After compression release pressure without losing
contact with the chest
Repeat at about 100-120 times per minute |
2
RESCUE BREATHS
30 CHEST COMPRESSIONS |
After
30 compressions open airway with head tilt/chin lift
Pinch the victim's nose and allow mouth to open
Take a normal breath then place your lips around
victim's mouth
Blow steadily (1 second), looking for victim's chest to
rise
Maintain head tilt/chin lift and move you mouth away
from victim's
Watch victim's chest fall then repeat another breath |
| REPEAT
AS NECESSARY |
Continue
compressions and rescue breaths at a ratio of 30:2
Only stop to check on victim if he shows signs of
regaining consciousness,
such as coughing, opening eyes, moving purposely AND
starts to breathe normally
OTHERWISE DO NOT INTERRUPT
RESUSCITATION |
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